Free columns are included for two purposes:
Here are examples, top 3 lines for positioning only.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 . . . . . . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1996 6 3 1955 35.5 D 47.760 153.227 0.0 TES 12 1.1 5.6WHRV 5.6bPDE1 1996 6 3 1955 35.5 D 47.760 153.227 0.0 TES 12 1.1 5.6WHRV 5.6bPDE1 GAP=348 2.88 999.9 999.9999.9 -0.1404E+08 -0.3810E+08 0.1205E+09E 1996 0603 1955 31.8 D 46.787153.722 33.0 PDE 5.6bPDE 1 ACTION:SPL 08-10-02 10:19 OP:jh STATUS: ID:19960603195540 I 1996-06-03-2002-18S.TEST__012 6 1996-06-03-1917-52S.TEST__002 6 STAT SP IPHASW D HRMM SECON CODA AMPLIT PERI AZIMU VELO AIN AR TRES W DIS CAZ7 KBS BZ EP 20 4 40.63 23 -1.3210 5724 351 TRO SZ EP 20 5 32.5 21 1.7510 6471 343 LOF SZ IP C 20 5 46.68 21 -0.1110 6729 344 JNW SZ EP 20 5 49.5 21 1.1910 6755 353 JMI LZ I 20 8 27.35 6768 353 JMI LZ I 2014 41.56 6768 353 JMI LZ I 2021 25.49 6768 353 MOL SZ IP C 20 6 25.49 19 -1.7410 7408 343 FOO SZ EP 20 6 35.99 19 0.1210 7559 344 HYA SZ EP 20 6 36.91 19 -0.1410 7580 343 SUE SZ IP C 20 6 39.07 19 -0.2810 7621 344 KONO BZ IP C 20 6 40.72 19 -0.7010 7657 341 ASK SZ EP 9 20 6 37.24 19 -4.94 0 7671 344 BER SZ EP 9 20 6 37.43 19 -5.16 0 7678 344 EGD SZ EP 9 20 6 38.42 19 -4.95 0 7692 344 ODD1 SZ EP 20 6 45.57 19 1.7310 7699 343 BLS5 SZ EP 20 6 46.33 19 -0.5010 7753 343 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Below are examples of how the last free columns of type 4 lines are used in the Nordic Databank in Helsinki and in Bergen:
1985 510 21 5 16.1 LE 60.240 6.170 30.0F BER 6 2.3 3.8LNAO 4.0bPDE 3.2sISC 1 1.5 0.5 0.9 5.0 0.4 5 8505210425.WNN 6 ACTION:UPD 93-07-09 09:40 OP:jens STATUS: ID:19920101080359 I STAT SP IPHASW D HRMM SECON CODA AMPLIT PERI AZIMU VELO AIN AR TRES W DIS CAZ7 STAT SP IPHASW D HRMM SECON CODA AMPLIT PERI AZIMU VELO AIN AR TRES W DIS CAZ7 8505210425.WNN 6 ACTION:UPD 93-07-09 09:40 OP:jens STATUS: ID:19920101080359 I STAT SP IPHASW D HRMM SECON CODA AMPLIT PERI AZIMU VELO AIN AR TRES W DIS CAZ7 NRSA SZ IPN 1 D 2105 13.44 0345 1234.6 1.33 245.2 08.6 22 2 -0.7 9 555 235 BER SZ IPG 2 U 2105 25.41 200 HYA SZ ISG 1 2105 33.1 ODD SZ IP 3 2105 20.1 250 ODD SZ EPG 2105 22.9 ODD SZ LG 2105 55.8Note in this example the fault plane solution line(F) and the HYP error line(E)
1993 1028 0800 26.4 L 57.518 7.119 18.8 BER 6 .6 2.6CBER 1 GAP=201 1.20 6.4 7.0 6.8 .3359E+01 -.2719E+00 .3054E+02E 93.2 74.8 -48.2 2 F ACTION:SPL 95-01-08 09:40 OP:jh STATUS: ID:19931028080019 I 9310-28-0800-19S.NSN__17 6 STAT SP IPHASW D HRMM SECON CODA AMPLIT PERI AZIMU VELO AIN AR TRES W DIS CAZ7 BLS5 SZ EP D 8 0 56.80 129 -.110 216 349 BLS5 SZ ESG 8 1 23.59 -.910 216 349 BLS5 SZ EP 8 0 56.80 129 -.110 216 349 BLS5 SZ ESG 8 1 23.59 -.910 216 349 Location parameters: AR : Azimuth residual when using azimuth information in locations TRES: Travel time residual W : Actual weight used for location ( inc. e.g. distance weight), i2 DIS : Epicentral distance in km CAZ : Azimuth from event to station ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: Type 1 line must be the first, all type 4 lines should be together and the last line must be blank --------------------------------------------------------------------------------FORMAT DESCRIPTION:
Type 1 Line: Hypocenter line Columns Format Description Comments 1 Free 2- 5 I4 Year 6 Free 7- 8 I2 Month 9-10 I2 Day of Month 11 Fix o. time Normally blank, an F fixes origin time 12-13 I2 Hour 14-15 I2 Minutes 16 Free 17-20 F4.1 Seconds 21 Location model indicator Any character 22 A1 Distance Indicator L = Local, R = Regional, D = Distant, etc. 23 A1 Event ID E = Confirmed explosion P = Probable explosion V = Volcanic Q = Confirmed earthquake ' ' = Presumed earthquake L = Landslide (was X) G = Glacial S = Acoustic signal I = triggered or induced O = confirmed other event G = Ice quake 24-30 F7.3 Latitude Degrees (+ N) 31-38 F8.3 Longitude Degrees (+ E) 39-43 F5.1 Depth Km 44 A1 Depth Indicator F = Fixed, S = Starting value 45 A1 Locating indicator ----------------------------, * do not locate 46-48 A3 Hypocenter Reporting Agency 49-51 Number of Stations Used 52-55 RMS of Time Residuals 56-59 F4.1 Magnitude No. 1 60 A1 Type of Magnitude L=ML, b=mb, B=mB, s=Ms, S=MS, W=MW, G=MbLg (not used by SEISAN), C=Mc 61-63 A3 Magnitude Reporting Agency 64-67 F4.1 Magnitude No. 2 68 A1 Type of Magnitude 69-71 A3 Magnitude Reporting Agency 72-75 F4.1 Magnitude No. 3 76 A1 Type of Magnitude 77-79 A3 Magnitude Reporting Agency 80 A1 Type of this line ("1"), can be blank if first line of event If more than 3 magnitudes need to be associated with the hypocenter in the first line, a subsequent additional type one line can be written with the same year, month, day until event ID and hypocenter agency. The magnitudes on this line will then be associated with the main header line and there is then room for 6 magnitudes. Type 2 line (Macroseismic information) 1-5 Blank 6-20 a Any descriptive text 21 Free 22 a1 Diastrophism code (PDE type) F = Surface faulting U = Uplift or subsidence D = Faulting and Uplift/Subsidence 23 a1 Tsunami code (PDE type) T = Tsunami generated Q = Possible tsunami 24 a1 Seiche code (PDE type) S = Seiche Q = Possible seiche 25 a1 Cultural effects (PDE type) C = Casualties reported D = Damage reported F = Earthquake was felt H = Earthquake was heard 26 a1 Unusual events (PDE type) L = Liquefaction G = Geysir/fumerol S = Landslides/Avalanches B = Sand blows C = Cracking in the ground (not normal faulting). V = Visual phenomena O = Olfactory phenomena M = More than one of the above observed. 27 Free 28-29 i2 Max Intensity 30 a1 Max Intensity qualifier (+ or - indicating more precicely the intensity) 31-32 a2 Intensity scale (ISC type defintions) MM = Modified Mercalli RF = Rossi Forel CS = Mercalli - Cancani - Seberg SK = Medevev - Sponheur - Karnik33 Free 34-39 f6.2 Macroseismic latitude (Decimal) 40 Free 41-47 f7.2 Macroseismic longitude (Decimal) 48 Free 49-51 f3.1 Macroseismic magnitude 52 a1 Type of magnitudeI = Magnitude based on maximum Intensity. A = Magnitude based on felt area. R = Magnitude based on radius of felt area. * = Magnitude calculated by use of special formulas developed by some person for a certain area. Further info should be given on line 3. 53-56 f4.2 Logarithm (base 10) of radius of felt area. 57-61 f5.2 Logarithm (base 10) of area (km**2) number 1 where earthquake was felt exceeding a given intensity. 62-63 i2 Intensity boardering the area number 1. 64-68 f5.2 Logarithm (base 10) of area (km**2) number 2 where earthquake was felt exceeding a given intensity. 69-70 i2 Intensity boardering the area number 2.71 Free 72 a1 Quality rank of the report (A, B, C, D) 73-75 a3 Reporting agency 76-79 Free 80 a1 Type of this line ("2") Type 3 Line (Optional): Comments, more examples below Columns Format Description Comments 1 Free 2-79 A Text Anything 80 A1 Type of this line ("3") This type of line can be used to specify xnear, xfar and the starting depth for use with HYPOCENTER. For example XNEAR 200.0 XFAR 400.0 SDEP 15.0 3 8-13 f6.1 Xnear 20-25 f6.1 Xfar 32-36 f5.1 Starting depth Type 4 line: Phase lines Columns Format Description Comments 1 Free 2- 6 A5 Station Name Blank = End of readings = end of event 7 A1 Instrument Type S = SP, I = IP, L = LP etc 8 A1 Component Z, N, E ,T, R, 1, 2 9 Free or weight, see note below 10 A1 Quality Indicator I, E, etc. 11-14 A2 Phase ID PN, PG, LG, P, S, etc. ** 15 I1 Weighting Indicator (1-4) 0 or blank= full weight, 1=75%, 2=50%, 3=25%,4=0%, 9: no weight, use difference time (e.g. P-S). 16 Free or flag A to indicate automartic pick, removed when picking 17 A1 First Motion C, D 18 Note: Currently 15 to 18 can also be used for phase assuming column 11-14 is not blank. See note ** below. 19-20 I2 Hour Hour can be up to 48 to indicate next day 21-22 I2 Minutes 23-28 F6.0 Seconds 29 Free 30-33 I4 Duration (to noise) Seconds 34-40 g7.1 Amplitude (Zero-Peak) in units of nm, nm/s, nm/s^2 or counts. 41 Free 42-45 F4.0 Period Seconds 46 Free 47-51 F5.0 Direction of Approach, back azimuth Degrees 52 Free 53-56 F4.0 Phase Velocity Km/second 57-60 F4.0 Angle of incidence (was Signal to noise ratio before version 8.0) 61-63 I3 Back azimuth residual 64-68 F5.1 Travel time residual 69-70 I2 Weight 71-75 F5.0 Epicentral distance(km) 76 Free 77-79 I3 Azimuth at source 80 A1 Type of this line ("4"), can be blank, which it is most often NB: Epicentral distance: Had format I5 before version 7.2. All old lines can be read with format F5.0 with same results, but now distance can also be e.g. 1.23 km which cannot be read by earlier versions. However, an UPDATE would fix that.
** Long phase names: An 8 character phase can be used in column 11-18. There is then not room for polarity information. The weight is then put into column 9. This format is recognized by HYP and MULPLT. Type 4 cards should be followed by a Blank Card (Type 0) Type 5 line (optional): Error estimates of previous line, currently not used by any SEISAN programs. Columns Format Description Comments 1 Free 2-79 Error estimates in same format as previous line, normallytype 4 80 A1 Type of this line ("5") Type 6 Line (Optional): Reference to where waveform data is found. This is mostly a file name but can also be a reference to a position in an archive. Columns Format Description Comments 1 Free 2-79 Name of file or archive reference, a-format, 80 Type of this line ("6") Archive reference: Example: ARC STAT COM NT LO YYYY MMDD HHMM SS DUR ARC ROSA BHZ PM 2010 1011 0100 00 14400 1 Free 2-04 Must be the keyword ARC 5 Free 6-10 Station (a5) 11 Free 12-14 Compoent (a3) 15 Free 16-17 network (a2) 18 Free 19-20 Location (a2) 21 Free 22-38 Year,month,day,hour.min,sec (i4,1x,2i2,1x,2i2,1x,i2) 39 Free 40-44 Duration of extract (s), (i5) 46-79 Free 80 Type of this line ("6") Type 7 Line (Optional): Title line for phases, fixed text Columns Format Description Comments 1 Free 2-79 A Help lines to place the numbers in right positions 80 A1 Type of this line ("7") Example STAT SP IPHASW D HRMM SECON CODA AMPLIT PERI AZIMU VELO AIN AR TRES W DIS CAZ7 Type E Line (Optional): Hyp error estimatea of prime hypocenter, only one E-lie in S-file Columns Format Description 1 Free 2 - 5 A4 The text GAP= 6 - 8 I3 Gap 15-20 F6.2 Origin time error 25-30 F6.1 Latitude (y) error 31-32 Free 33-38 F6.1 Longitude (x) error (km) 39-43 F5.1 Depth (z) error (km) 44-55 E12.4 Covariance (x,y) km*km 56-67 E12.4 Covarience (x,z) km*km 68-79 E14.4 Covariance (y,z) km*km Type F Line (Optional): Fault plane solution Columns Format Description 1:30 3F10.0 Strike, dip and rake, Aki convention 31:45 3F5.1 Error in strike dip and rake (HASH), error in fault plane and aux. plane (FPFIT) 46:50 F5.1 Fit error: FPFIT and HASH (F-fit) 51:55 F5.1 Station distribution ratio (FPFIT, HASH) 56:60 F5.1 Amplitude ratio fit (HASH, FOCMEC) 61:62 I2 Number of bad polarities (FOCMEC, PINV) 64.65 I2 Number of bad amplitude ratios (FOCMEC) 67:69 A3 Agency code 71:77 A7 Program used 78:78 A1 Quality of solution, A (best), B C or D (worst), added manually 79:79 A1 Blank, can be used by user 80:80 A1 F Type H line, High accuracy hypoenter line Columns 1:55 As type 1 line 16 Free 17 Seconds, f6.3 23 Free 24:32 Latitude, f9.5 33 Free 34:43 Longitude, f10.5 44 Free 45:52 Depth, f8.3 53 Free 54:59 RMS, f6.3 60:79 Free 80 H Type I Line, ID line Columns Format description1 Free 2:8 Help text for the action indicator 9:11 Last action done, so far defined ARG: AUTO Register, AUTOREG ARX: From ARC extract DPH: Phases deleted with DELS DUP: Duplicated event HIN: Updated with HYPOINVERSE NEW: New event REE: Register from EEV REG: Register SPL: Split UPD: Update with HYP UP : Update with HYP only from EEV 12 Free 13:26 Date and time of last action 27 Free 28:30 Help text for operator 36:42 Help text for status 43:56 Status flags, not yet defined 57 Free 58:60 Help text for ID 61:74 ID, year to second 75 If d, this indicate that a new file id had to be created which was one or more seconds different from an existing ID to avoid overwrite. 76 Indicate if ID is locked. Blank means not locked, L means locked. Type M Line (Optional): Moment tensor solution Note: the type M lines are pairs of lines with one line that gives the hypocenter time, and one line that gives the moment tensor values: The first moment tensor line: Columns Format Description 1:1 Free 2: 5 I4 Year 7: 8 I2 Month 9:10 I2 Day of Month 12:13 I2 Hour 14:15 I2 Minutes 17:20 F4.1 Seconds 24:30 F7.3 Latitude Degrees (+ N) 31:38 F8.3 Longitude Degrees (+ E) 39:43 F5.1 Depth Km 46:48 A3 Reporting Agency 56:59 F4.1 Magnitude 60 A1 Type of Magnitude L=ML, b=mb, B=mB, s=Ms, S=MS, W=MW, 61:63 A3 Magnitude Reporting Agency 71:77 A7 Method used 78:78 A1 Quality of solution, A (best), B C or D (worst), added manually 79:79 A1 Blank, can be used by user 80:A1 M The second moment tensor line: Columns Format Description 1:1 Free 2:3 A2 MT 4:9 F6.3 Mrr or Mzz [Nm] 11:16 F6.3 Mtt or Mxx [Nm] 18:23 F6.3 Mpp or Myy [Nm] 25:30 F6.3 Mrt or Mzx [Nm] 32:37 F6.3 Mrp or Mzy [Nm] 39:44 F6.3 Mtp or Mxy [Nm] 46:48 A3 Reporting Agency 49:49 A1 MT coordinate system (S=spherical, C=Cartesian) 50:51 i2 Exponental 53:62 G6.3 Scalar Moment [Nm] 71:77 A7 Method used 78:78 A1 Quality of solution, A (best), B C or D (worst), added manually 79:79 A1 Blank, can be used by user 80:80 A1 M Type P line, file name of a picture file 1:1 Free 2:79 File name 80:80 P Type E13 and EC3 line, explosion information Example 1980 0124 0927 CHARGE(T): 0.5 E13 LE Haakonsvern, HAA underwater explosion E13 EC3 Information on explsion site, time and agency, same format as a type 1 line, no magnitudesused, last 3 columns must be E13 EC3 Information on charge and site Columns 2:11 Info text 11:12 Blank 13:22 Charge in tons, f10.3 23:77 Any information, a 78:80 EC3 Type MACRO3 line: File name of macroseismic observations in ISO directory Example: 1980-03-14-0456-05.MACRO MACRO3 An example of the file is: Sunnfjord 1980 314 456 5 GMT 1980 314 556 5 Local time Comment 60.500 5.270 1.0 EMS 5088 MJOELKERAAEN 60.560 5.260 1.0 EMS 5100 ISDALSTOE 60.570 5.050 1.0 EMS 5112 ROSSLAND 1. Line Location, GMT time, Local time. Format a30,i4,1x,2i2,1x,2i2,1x,i2,' GMT',1x,i4,1x,2i2,1x,2i2,1x,i2,1x,'Local time' 2. Line Comments 3. Line Observations: Latitude, Longitude,intensity, code for scale, postal code or similar, location,Format 2f10.4,f5.1,1x,a3,1x,a10,2x,a. Note the postal code is an ascii string and left justified (a10). Type 3 line giving xnear/xfar Definition of xnear and xfar to be used with HYPOCENTER. Example XNEAR 1000.0 XFAR 2000.0 3 Columns 8-13: xnear value 20-25: xfar value Type 3 line with locality, example LOCALITY: atlantic ocean 3 Type 3 line with felt information, example FELTINFO: cracks in the ground at xx 3